|
Azure | country = Switzerland }} The Free Democratic Party or Radical Democratic Party〔 * * *〕 ((ドイツ語:Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei), FDP; (フランス語:Parti radical-démocratique), PRD; (イタリア語:Partito liberale-radicale svizzero), PLR; (ロマンシュ語:Partida liberaldemocrata svizra), PLD) was a liberal, classical liberal, and conservative-liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009. The FDP was formed in 1894 from the Radicals, who had dominated Swiss politics since the 1830s, standing in opposition to the Catholic conservatives, and who from the creation of the federal state in 1848 until 1891 formed the federal government. The FDP remained dominant until the introduction of proportional representation in 1919. From 1945 to 1987, it alternated with the Social Democratic Party to be the largest party. In 1959, the party took two seats in the magic formula. The party declined in the 1990s and 2000s (decade), as it was put under pressure by the Swiss People's Party. In response, the party formed closer relations with the smaller Liberal Party, leading to their formal merger in 2009. ==History== The elements 'liberal', 'radical' and ''freisinnig'' (an obsolete German word for 'liberal', or literally "free thinking"〔) in the party's name originate from the conflicts during the period of Swiss Restoration between the Catholic-conservative cantons and the liberal cantons. This conflict led to the foundation of the Swiss federal state in 1848 after the victory of the predominantly Protestant and liberal cantons over the conservative and Catholic ones in the Sonderbund war. From 1848 until 1891, the Federal Council was composed entirely of Radicals. The radical movement of the restoration was anti-clerical,〔 and stood in opposition to the Catholic Conservative Party. They were otherwise heterogeneous, including and classical liberal 'Liberals', federalist 'Radicals', and social liberal 'Democrats': placing the radical movement on the 'left' of the political spectrum. It was not until the rise of the Social Democratic Party in the early 20th century that the FDP found itself on the centre-right. The FDP was the dominant party until the 1919 election, when the introduction of proportional representation led to a leap in the representation of the Social Democrats. In 1959, the Free Democrats joined the other major parties in agreeing the 'magic formula' to divide up the seats of the Federal Council, with the FDP permanently receiving two of the seven seats. After the federal election 2003, lawmakers of FDP and Liberal Party formed a common parliamentary group in the Federal Assembly. In June 2005, they strengthened their cooperation by founding the Radical and Liberal Union They merged on 1 January 2009 to form FDP.The Liberals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Free Democratic Party of Switzerland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|